Problems with Abstract Observers and Advantages of a Model-Centric Cybernetics Paradigm

Since 1974, when Heinz von Foerster made the distinction between “the cybernetics of observed systems” as first-order (1oC) and observing second-order (2oC), has been dominated by this observer-centric paradigm that he claimed cannot be extended meaningfully to a third order. Rather than attempting extend his paradigm, we derive an alternative, model-centric from first principles regulation, which naturally extends three orders, where order is ethical regulation. We thus consider type regulator requires model observer: if acceptable (ethical) situations, then observer necessary element system’s “conscience” prevents any violations situations. In systems are designed exhibit behaviour can characterized third-order (3oC). By being able include systems, brings clarity utility not possible using its under-specified (abstract) observers. Finally, new definitions for proposed clearly differentiate science philosophy cybernetics.